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History of Football

After 1900

Despite changes in the rules, the game was still very rough and dangerous. In 1905 there were eighteen deaths in American football games throughout the United States. President Roosevelt called together representatives of Yale, Harvard and Princeton, and told them that the brutality within the sport had to stop.

In December 1905, more than sixty representatives from college teams met to try and solve the problems facing the game. Captain Pierce of West Point sat at the head of the meeting. The Intercollegiate College Athletic Association was formed. In 1910 it became the NCAA, the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

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In 1906 major changes were made to the rules. Playing time was cut to sixty minutes, the forward pass was allowed, a neutral zone was made for the gap between the lines of scrimmage, and the number of yards to gain was increased to ten.

In 1910, the biggest problem, interlocked interference, was banned, along with pushing and pulling of the ball carrier. The game immediately became safer, but also more defensive, so in 1912, the number of downs was increased from three to four.

The length of the field was also reduced to 91.4 meters (100 feet) and end zones were added. The limit on the distance the ball could be thrown forward was scrapped, and the points awarded for a touchdown were increased from five to six. That was in 1912, and there have been few major changes since then.

The League game

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The professional teams watch the college football teams, and the professional teams select eligible players. This is called the draft. The weaker teams have first pick of the players.

The first recorded professional game in the United States was on 31 August 1895, when teams from Jeanette and Latrobe met at Latrobe, Pennsylvania. However, it was not until 1920 when a professional league system was created.Before then, the college game was the most popular, and players mainly turned professional to play the game further, as the financial incentives were not so significant.

The APFA (American Professional Football Association) was formed at Canton, and was presided over by Tom Thorpe. In 1921 it was restructured after a poor first year with Joseph Carr of Columbus, Ohio as president.

The first league season in 1921 had thirteen teams involved. The teams were: Akron Pros, Buffalo All-Americans, Canton Bulldogs, Chicago Cardinals, Cincinatti Celts, Cleveland Indians, Columbia Panhandles, Dayton Triangles, Detroit Heralds, Green Bay Packers, and Rock Island Independents.

In 1922, the APFA was renamed the NFL (National Football League). In 1933 the NFL was split into two leagues, the Eastern and Western Divisions, with the winners from each division meeting each other at the end of the season for the World Championship.

The first Championships was between the Chicago Bears and the New York Giants. The Bears won 23-21.

In 1946, another league was formed, the All-American Conference. At the end of 1949 the two leagues merged and for the next three seasons, they were known as American and National Conferences.

The two Conferences became known as the Eastern and Western Conferences in 1953. In 1960, another league was formed, the American Football League (AFL) with eight teams.

The NFL was extended to thirteen teams in 1960, and the two leagues each had two divisions/conferences. The winners of each division/conference met to decide the champions of the AFL and the NFL, but the two champions did not meet until...

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